Filter



'(No Model.)

J; W. H-YA-TT.

FILT R.

Patented Feb. 19', 1884.

.D {III/II/IIIII/I/IIIIIII WITNESSES z mfimron BY I 2 ATTORNEY N. PETERS, mmmhom. Wnhinglnm D. C.

' UNITED STATES- PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN w. HYATT, or NEWARK, new JEnsEY.

FILTER.

srncrrrc Arron forming To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known thatI, JOHN W. HYATT, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Newark, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and ture of the water to be useful Improvements in Filters,

of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to an improvement in filters; and it consists ina filter-bed composed of three or more layers'or strata of material of varying specific gravity, the heavier material being adjacent to the outlet from the filter.

The purpose of the invention is to arrange in a single filter-bed layers of material (graduated as to the sizeand condition of their par.- ticles) to effect the best results, and which, when agitated, as in the process of washing the bed, will retain their proper relation to each other.

I have designed the employment of the bed in a filter such as that illustrated in section in the accompanying drawing; but I do not of course limit myself to any special form of fil-,

ter', and merely refer to the apparatus shown in said application as a convenient means for utilizing the invention.

In the drawing, A denotes the shell of the apparatus, having an inlet, B, for the liquid to be filtered, a delivery, 0, for the purified liquid, a series of automatically-operating checkvalves, D, for the water used in washing the filter-bed, and a waste-outlet, E, for the escape of the impurities and water used in cleansing the bed.

Thegeneral construction and operation of the apparatus aresimilar to that shown and described in my Letters Patent of the United States No. 273,539, dated March 6,1883, and in several applications now pending.

, The delivery G consists of the perforated tube a, connecting with the escape-pipe b.

In the employment of the present invention in connection with .the filter shown, I place upon the base of the filter a layer of fine material W specific 'gravity-'such,for instance, as sulphate comminuted form-and upon this fine material I place a layer or stratum of material of medium specific gravitysuch, for example, as sand or ground quartz-and upon this Iintroduce an additional layer of material which will be of light specific gravity, and preferably of baryta or emery in.

part of Letters Patent No, 293,745, dated February 19, 1884.

Application filed August 21,1883.

(No model.)

of coarser particles such as ground coke which would pass through a sieve having a quarter of an inch mesh. The kind of material employed may vary according to the nacumstances, but the relation of the different layers as to their specific gravity should be observed.

In the process of filtering by means of a bed of material arranged scribed, the coarse impurities will be arrested by the coarser elementsof the bed, while the finer particles of foreign matter willpass through the said coarser tained by the finer layer or stratum of material. Thus in the employment of the bed described the larger particles of foreign matter will be arrested by the coke, the next finer grade by the sand or quartz, and.the more minute particles by the sulphate of baryta or emery.

The effect bedcomposed of material arranged as described as to quality and quantity of filtration will be readily understood by persons skilled in the art to which the invention relates. The retention of the larger particles filtered and other cir-.

in the manner de- 1 of the employment of a filterv of the impurities by the coarser elements of the bed and of the finer impurities by the more minute elements of the filtering medium operates to prevent the coarser. impurities from quickly loading the finer elements, while at the same time the latter effectually arrests the more minute impurities. As a result the filter-bed will rapidly purify water, and will require less frequent washing than if the bed were composed entirely nature.

After the process of filtering has been continued for a given length of time, the bed described will be washed and its particles separated sufficiently to permit the escape of the impurities by the water entering through the jet-valve'sD. bed the particles thereof will become agitated in a limited degree, but not so much so that the layers of material will lose their proper relation to each other. The sulphate of baryta, being of superior specific gravity, will remain at the base of the filter during the washing process, while the sand or quartz, being of medium specific gravity,

of elements of like will retain a middle po= sition, and thelighter materialsuch as eokeers of material of varying specific gravity, the will remain at the top of the bed. Thus the layers being placed one directly upon another, relations of the material specified above will and the heavier material beingadjacent to the 20 be preserved notwithstanding the agitation outlet, substantially as described.

5 caused by the influx of the water used in wash- 2. A filter-bed consisting of eoniminuted ing the bed. f sulphate of baryta, sand, and coke, or-equiva- It will be readily understood that there can I lent substances, the material being arranged be no doubt as to the layers of material rei in well-defined-layers, one upon another, the 25 taining their proper relation to each other barytabeing atthe bottom and the coke at the 10 when itis remembered that the specific gravity top, substantially as set forth.

of sulphate of baryta is from 4.00 to 4.865, Signed at New York, in the county of New while sand has a specific gravity of from 1.392 York and State of New York, this 14th day of I I to 1.800, and coke 1.000. Quartz has aspecifie August, A. D. 1883.

gravity of 2.6 1 to 2.66. 7 JOHN XV. HYATT. I 5 \Vhat I claim as my invention, and desire to \Vitnesses:

secure by Letters Patent, is CHAS. O. GILL,

1. In a vertical filter, a bed composed of lay- HERMAN GUs'row. 

